常用的Cisco
IOS文件管理命令
#1 dir
这条指令用来显示文件夹下的文件列表,输入dir ? 可以查看可选参数。如下所示:
/all
List all files
/recursive
List files recursively
all-filesystems
List files on all filesystems
archive:
Directory or file name
cns:
Directory or file name
flash:
Directory or file name
Null:
Directory or file name
nvram:
Directory or file name
system:
Directory or file name
tar:
Directory or file name
tmpsys:
Directory or file name
xmodem:
Directory or file name
ymodem:
Directory or file name
Router#
|
以上每一种文件系统(比如flash,nvram等带冒号的)都相当于 DOS系统里的磁盘分区,你需要在其名称后面加冒号。默认情况下,dir会列出路由器flash中的文件,因为默认的当前路径就是flash:
Router#
dir
Directory
of flash:/
2
-rwx 18929780 Aug 29 2006 15:49:57 +00:00
c870-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T5.bin
3
-rwx 2143 Aug 29 2006 16:42:14 +00:00 running-config
23482368
bytes total (4544512 bytes free)
Router#
|
每个路由器至少都会包含flash内存和nvram 内存。
#2 cd [filesystem:] <<<<改变默认目录或文件系统;
你可以使用 cd 命令改变当前所在的路径。在下面的例子里,将路径改到了nvram文件系统下,并通过dir命令列出了nvram内存中的文件。我还可以使用mkdir建立一个文件夹,并用 cd 命令进入该文件夹。
Router#cd
nvram:
Router#dir
Directory
of nvram:/
126
-rw- 2143 startup-config
127
---- 5 private-config
128
-rw- 2143 underlying-config
1
---- 49 persistent-data
2
-rw- 0 ifIndex-table
131072
bytes total (116584 bytes free)
Router# |
#3 copy
这个命令用来将 IOS 或一个配置文件拷贝到某处。你可以用这个命令将路由器配置文件拷贝到 TFTP服务器上,或者拷贝到路由器里的某个文件夹中作为备份。你还可以用 copy 命令将新的IOS 文件从TFTP服务器拷贝到路由器里,实现路由器升级。
copy system:running-config nvram:startup-config
这里我使用copy命令为路由器建立一个本地的配置备份:
Router#copy
running-config davids-backup-before-upgrade
Destination
filename [davids-backup-before-upgrade]?
2181
bytes copied in 3.052 secs (715 bytes/sec)
Router# |
#4 delete 和 rm
这两个命令都很简单 delete 用来删除文件, rm 用来删除文件夹。比如我用delete命令删除我刚刚创建的配置备份文件:
Router#delete
davids-backup-before-upgrade
Delete
filename [davids-backup-before-upgrade]?
Delete
flash:/davids-backup-before-upgrade? [confirm]
Router# |
#5 show flash
这个命令用来显示flash中的文件。show flash 命令和 dir flash 命令类似,但是前者比后者显示出的信息更丰富一些,即多出了flash内存大小和类型信息
Router#show
flash
24576K
bytes of processor board System flash (Intel Strataflash)
Directory
of flash:/
2
-rwx 18929780 Aug 29 2006 15:49:57 +00:00
c870-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T5.bin
3
-rwx 2181 Oct 4 2006 04:03:00 +00:00 mybackup-today
23482368
bytes total (4544512 bytes free)
Router# |
#6 erase 和 format
要弄懂为什么要erase 一种文件系统,而format 另一种系统,可能会比较麻烦。所以你只需要知道应该format flash中的文件系统,而erase nvram里的文件系统。其余文件则根据其类型既可以erase又可以format。erase 命令大多数时候都是用在清除路由器配置,恢复出场配置的情况。具体的命令就是 erase
startup-configuration 。
Router#
erase ?
/all
Erase all files(in NVRAM)
/no-squeeze-reserve-space
Do not reserve space for squeeze operation
flash:
Filesystem to be erased
nvram:
Filesystem to be erased
startup-config
Erase contents of configuration memory
Router#
format ?
flash:
Filesystem to be formatted
Router# |
#7 more
这个命令可以显示文本/配置文件的内容。比如你想查看一个备份的配置文件,就可以使用more 命令来查看该文件的内容:
Router#
more my-backup-config
!
version
12.4
parser
config cache interface
parser
config interface
{config
truncated}
|
#8 verify
这个命令用来核查或者计算一个文件的MD5校验和。
Router#verify
flash:c870-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T5.bin
Verifying
file integrity of flash:c870-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T5.bin...................
Done!
Embedded
Hash MD5 : CA8AEC573B197AEC6BD5892DE23C4754
Computed
Hash MD5 : CA8AEC573B197AEC6BD5892DE23C4754
CCO
Hash MD5 : 9D39672246853C0F31533B6BCB21DFE5
Embedded
hash verification successful.
File
system hash verification failed for file flash:c870-advipservicesk9-mz.
124-15.T5.bin(No
such file or directory).
Router# |
#9 mkdir
和DOS环境一样,你也可以在路由器中使用 mkdir 命令创建文件夹。一般我用这个命令来创建备份文件夹,用来存储配置文件或者ISO文件的备份。
Router#
mkdir backup-configs
Create
directory filename [backup-configs]?
Created
dir flash:backup-configs
Router# |
#10 fsck <<<<只针对C filesystem;
FAT 文件系统检测主要是用来检测flash文件系统的完整性。如果你感觉ISO文件有损坏,可以通过这个命令对文件系统进行检查。
Router#
fsck
Fsck
operation may take a while. Continue? [confirm]
............
Fsck
of flash: complete
Router#
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Router#show file systems
<<<<Displays more information about each of the files on a
file system;
Router#show bootvar EXEC <<<< To view the contents of
environment variables;
Displays the BOOT environment variable,
the CONFIG_FILE environment variable,
the BOOTLDR environment variable,
and the configuration
register setting.
Router(config)#boot config <<<<To modify the CONFIG_FILE
environment variable;
Specifies the device and filename of the configuration
file from which the
router configures itself during initialization (startup).
Router(config)#boot bootldr <<<<To modify the BOOTLDR
environment variable;
Router(config)#boot system <<<<To modify the BOOT
environment variable;
Specifies the
system image that the router loads at startup.
Router#copy system:running-config nvram:startup-config <<<<
To save your modifications;
##################################################################
ip ftp username
<<<<FTP传输必要配置;
ip ftp password
copy bootflash:XYZ.bin
ftp://myuser:mypass@172.23.1.129/c3600-i-mz
##################################################################
Command Filesystem Description
Delete ALL Marks the files as deleted, but does not permanently
remove them from flash.
Squeeze A Permanently removes all files that
have been marked as deleted.
Format A and
C Erases the entire flash device.
Verify ALL Verifies that the IOS file’s checksum matches
the value encoded in the image.
Undelete A and
B Recovers deleted files.
Erase A and
B Erases the entire flash device.
Switch#delete /force /recursive filesystem:/file-url<<<<删除文件夹内所有文件; 使用/recursive关键字删除指定的目录及其所有子目录和其中包含的文件。
使用/force关键字来抑制提示,避免删除目录中的一个文件提示一次;
This example shows how to create
a file. This command writes the contents of the new-configs directory on the local flash device to
a file named saved. on the TFTP server at 172.20.10.30:
Switch# archive tar /create tftp:172.20.10.30/saved. flash:/new-configsThis
example shows how to extract the contents of a file located on the TFTP server
at 172.20.10.30:
Switch# archive tar /xtract tftp:/172.20.10.30/saved. flash:/new-configsDisplays the contents of any readable file, including a file on a remote file system.Switch# more flash: /new-configsarchive download-sw /allow-feature-upgrade [/directory] /overwrite
/reload tftp:[[//location]/directory]/image-name1.tar [image-name2.tar
image-name3.tar image-name4.tar]
archive
upload-sw tftp:[[//location]/directory]/image-name.tar
特别提醒:
本文档为自行翻译理解,能力有限不能保证绝对性。
如果您使用的是真实网络,请确保您已经了解所有命令的潜在影响。
参考链接:
http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios/12_2/configfun/configuration/guide/ffun_c/fcf006.pdf <<<<主要参考;
https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/docs/DOC-9515 ; <<<<主要参考;
http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/lan/catalyst2960x/software/15-0_2_EX/file_management/file_management/flash.html
http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/lan/catalyst2960/software/release/12-2_40_se/configuration/guide/scg/swiosfs.pdf