Hi there,
The command sh arp , will display the ARP cache of the ASA sorted by interface. The outside interface is a /30 so I would expect to see only one other dynamic address. This will be your gateway. Take note of the MAC address.
It sounds like your ASA outside is connected to a switch so the Layer 2 connection is obvious but the Layer3 endpoint needs to be discovered. On the upstream switches issue the command:
sh mac-address | inc <MAC_ADDRESS_FROM_ASA_ARP_CACHE>
...this will show which interface the MAC address has been learnt on. Keeping hopping through your network using this command and you'll eventually find the gateway.
cheers,
Seb.