Not really a good way remotely that I know of.
You can set up a dial-peer to go out that port. Then do a csim start to test a call your phone, cell phone, etc to see if it rings fine. Note the caller ID # if you have that to see if it matches what it should be, unless line is in a hunt group and caller id doesn't really help.
How about setting up a route pattern and configuring your phone with CSS to use that route pattern to do test call out the gateway you are testing?
If you know phone # of the line, you can call it to see it picks up as expected. But this won't prove outbound calls are working fine.
On ISR routers, and some other recent models you can do the following to see if the port has voltage reported. If it returns 0x00 then router is not seeing any voltage on that port , thus a line problem or nothing plugged in, etc.
term mon
test voice port slot/num si-reg-read 29 1
Example:
test voice port 0/1 si-reg-read 29 1
for voice-port 0/1
On the router, if you do a show call history voice after placing a call it will list results of the call. If it saids no circuit (34) then router is having issue placing call on the port.
