How often does the ISE perform CRL checking with the Certiticate Authority (CA) Server?
ISE checks CRL based on how you configure it. Admin > Certificates > Cert Store Select your CA. From there you'll be able to edit the cert info. The last option is the CRL Configuration. You can set the download frequency.
How often does the ACS peform CRL checking with the Certificate Authority (CA) Server?
System Config > ACS Cert Setup > CRL from there you'll be able to see/edit
What will happen to the ISE and ACS environment if the CA Server becomes un-available?
Most likely the end of the world, but to be honest I'm not really sure. My assumption is If both the client and the ISE/ACS server already have their respective certs, they should still be able to work. Just no new certs or CRLs would be issued.
Documentation Sources:
ACS: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/net_mgmt/cisco_secure_access_control_server_for_windows/4.0/user/guide/sau.html
ISE: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/security/ise/1.0/user_guide/ise10_man_cert.html
HTH