Hi  can a router forward multicast packet ? or does router broadcast multicast packet it receives.? Example, In OSPF, each OSPF router, sends update/hello packet to multicast address, after other router receives it accept that packet and update the...

Hi I have a use confusion between, L2 VPN, and L3 VPN. I know little about how MPLS and normal VPN works. 1. what are the differences between L2 VPN and L3 VPN , are these L2 and L3 VPNs related to MPLS ?,     2. bcz when I typed l3 or l2 VNP on G...

Hi I have a use confusion between, L2 VPN, and L3 VPN. I know little about how MPLS and normal VPN works. 1. what are the differences between L2 VPN and L3 VPN , are these L2 and L3 VPNs related to MPLS ?,     2. bcz when I typed l3 or l2 VNP on G...

Hi  I know OSPF operation, I have done configuration many time. I would like to know what is hierarchical network design in OSPF, 1. why do need that ?  2.How to design that ? 3. If not have hierarchical design what happens? Please answer.

Hi  I know OSPF operation, I have done configuration many time. I would like to know what is hierarchical network design in OSPF, 1. why do need that ?  2.How to design that ? 3. If not have hierarchical design what happens? Please answer.