OK, got it. Let's make it a little more realistic: PC 2 (let's call it CE-2) might represent some server at a data center, while PCs 1 & 3 (CE-1, CE-3) are client devices. Let's also assume that there is no requirement for direct communication betwee...

What service is being offered to the three CEs (PC1, PC2, PC3)? Your discussion of QinQ and VLAN translation implies an L2 transport service (L2VPN), but I just want to confirm that you are interested in delivering Ethernet frames from one CE to anot...

As an aside, authentication was removed from VRRP as it was considered to not be adding value to the protocol. If you buy into the IETF's position on VRRP, then it probably renders any questions of MD5 on HSRP moot. From RFC 9568: 9. Security Consid...

The brutal truth is that there is no legal way to obtain new IOS software for this device. Only Cisco can distribute their copyrighted software and they remove images from cisco.com for products that are past their Last Day of Support date (October 2...