Características e configurações básicas do Port Security

Felipe Lima · ‎08-24-2012

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<div>

<span lang=PT-BR

style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";

color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>1 – Port - Security<span

lang=PT-BR style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:115%;color:black;mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:

"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>1.1 – Introdução<span

lang=PT-BR style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:115%;color:black;mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:

"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>No cenário atual das

redes de computadores, a segurança da informação se tornou imprescindivel,

principalmente no âmbito empresarial, devido a grande importância dos dados que

trafegam neste ambiente, pois se utilizados de forma errada, tais informações

podem acabar ocasionando danos irreversiveis à empresa.<span lang=PT-BR

style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:115%;color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:

"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>Quando falamos em

qualquer eventual melhoria na rede, um fator que tem um peso muito forte na

tomada de decisão por parte da empresa é o custo, porém o port security

é uma tecnologia que aumenta a robustez da rede utilizando a infraestrutura

já existente no ambiente sem a necessidade da compra de qualquer dispositivo

adicional.<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:115%;

color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:

"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>Ele permite um

controle mais rigido dos dispositivos que se conectam a sua rede, devido ao

fato de somente permitir endereços físicos (endereços MAC) devidamente

cadastrados no switch (que neste caso, realiza o papel de autenticador), porém

é importante ressaltar que apesar desta tecnologia reforçar a segurança no

controle de acesso do ambiente, ela deve ser aliada a politicas de segurança e

o devido treinamento dos usuários da rede, pois a maioria dos ataques à

segurança da informação é realizado através da direta intervenção humana.<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:

115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>1.2

- Tipos de Ataque<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:13.5pt;

line-height:115%;color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:

"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>Podemos perceber que

o número de ameaças a segurança da informação cresce exponencialmente ao longo

dos anos, e que, a medida que novas tecnologias são desenvolvidas, novas

vulnerabilidades são exploradas e novos ataques ocorrem, e em sua maioria,

devido a má utilização dos dados por parte das pessoas. Podemos classificar

genericamente os ataques à segurança da informação em dois tipos: Passivos e

Ativos.<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:115%;

color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:

"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>Passivos: <span

lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";

color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>têm por finalidade capturar informações

para analise, sem modificar o seu conteúdo e por isso é utilizado por invasores

que desejam monitorar ou bisbilhotar o tráfego.<span lang=PT-BR

style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:115%;color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:

"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>Ativos<span

lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";

color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>: Ataques que envolvem alguma alteração ou

criação de um fluxo falso de dados para obter alguma vantagem.<span

lang=PT-BR style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:115%;color:black;mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:

"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>Dentro dessas duas

categorias genéricas existem vários tipos de ataques, tais como: disfarce,

negação de serviços, análise de tráfego e muitos outros que se fossemos

detalhar aqui, iria se tornar um documento gigantesco e entediante de se ler.

Porém algo que a maioria desses ataques têm em comum, é o fato de necessitar da

direta intervenção humana para que eles possam acontecer, e esse é um dos

maiores problemas desse cenário, pois é dificil controlar o acesso de pessoas

não autorizadas em sua rede, principalmente em redes empresariais de grande

porte onde a vigilância de todos os pontos de acesso da rede é quase

impossível, e devido a essa caracteristica o acesso de pessoas não-autorizadas

à rede que utilizam a infraestrutura da empresa para algum beneficio próprio

acaba sendo beneficiado, tornando possível ações como, roubo ou alteração de

informações sigilosas da empresa, modificação dos dados que transitam neste

ambiente e diversos outros ataques à informação. Estes tipos de “infrações”,

que envolvem a captura dos dados por uma pessoa não autorizada utilizando a

infraestrutura de rede por onde os dados trafegam, são genericamente conhecidas

como Man-in-the-middle.<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:13.5pt;

line-height:115%;color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:

"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>1.3 – Características

da tecnologia<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:13.5pt;line-height:115%;

color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:

"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>Essa tecnologia serve

para cadastrar os endereços físicos dos dispositivos conectados às suas

interfaces de acesso (interfaces que provê o acesso dos dispositivos finais ao

ambiente de rede) e permitir que somente os dispositivos cadastrados em seu

banco de endereços tenham acesso aos recursos da rede.<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;

font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>Este serviço

que funciona nas portas de acesso dos switches e controla o tráfego da camada de

enlace, é geralmente utilizado para impedir que pessoas não autorizadas se

conectem a rede, restringindo a interface, de modo que apenas os dispositivos

com seus endereços MAC devidamente cadastrados possam acessá-la. Devido a esse

controle de acesso, as chances de certos tipos de ataques acontecerem diminuem,

como por exemplo, o ataque mencionado anteriormente (Man In The Middle),

que ocorre quando o atacante conecta um dispositivo a uma interface de acesso a

rede, e tenta de alguma forma autenticar-se, a fim de modificar, copiar ou

simplesmente acessar informações restritas de uma empresa. O port-security

possui as seguintes características:<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;

font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'><o:p> </o:p>

<![if !supportLists]><span

lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";

mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'><span

style='mso-list:Ignore'>1-

<![endif]><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;

line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'> Descarta todo fluxo de dados até

que o dispositivo transmissor tenha seu endereço<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;

font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'><span

style='mso-tab-count:1'> físico (MAC) validado na interface

onde o port-security está habilitado.<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;

font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'><o:p> </o:p>

<![if !supportLists]><span

lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";

mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'><span

style='mso-list:Ignore'>2-

<![endif]><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;

line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'> <span

style='mso-spacerun:yes'> Para que o equipamento (switch) possa aplicar

a segurança de portas provida pela tecnologia, necessitamos configurar os

endereços físicos que podem autenticar- se na interface em questão. E podemos

realizar isto de duas maneiras:<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;

font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'><o:p> </o:p>

<p style='margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto;

text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo6'><![if !supportLists]><span

lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;

mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black;

mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>·

<![endif]><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;

line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'>Manualmente - <span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;

line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'>Um método que permite uma maior confiabilidade nos endereços<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:

11.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;

mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'> cadastrados

no switch, uma vez que para adicionar novos endereços seria necessário a intervenção

do administrador de rede.<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;

font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'><o:p> </o:p>

<p style='margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto;

text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo6'><![if !supportLists]><span

lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;

mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black;

mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>·

<![endif]><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;

line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'>Automático - <span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;

line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'>Alternativamente, podemos configurar a segurança das portas utilizando o

processo chamado “sticky learning” no qual o switch verifica o endereço físico

de todos os equipamentos conectados às respectivas portas do equipamento no

momento da sua configuração. Ao utilizar este método deve atentar-se ao fato de

que somente computadores “confiáveis” deverão estar conectados ao switch no

momento da configuração deste serviço automático. Ao configurarmos a segurança

de portas, devemos atentar ao fato de que esse serviço só pode ser habilitado

em portas de acesso, e devemos alterar o modo da interface que irá receber este

serviço para que a mesma fique no modo correto.<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:

11.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;

mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>E caso ocorra a violação da segurança da interface (ou

seja, um dispositivo não autorizado tentar autenticar-se na interface),<span

style='mso-spacerun:yes'> uma das seguintes ações pode ser tomada:<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:

115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'><o:p> </o:p>

<p style='margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto;

text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo6'><![if !supportLists]><span

lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;

mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black;

mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>·

<![endif]><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;

line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'>Protect - <span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;

line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'>Ação na qual o switch protege a interface com o serviço habilitado,

descartando todo o tráfego.<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;

font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'><o:p> </o:p>

<p style='margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto;

text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo6'><![if !supportLists]><span

lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;

mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black;

mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>·

<![endif]><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;

line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'>Restrict <span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:

115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>-

Ação na qual o switch restringe a interface com o serviço <span

style='mso-tab-count:3'> <span

style='mso-tab-count:1'> habilitado, descartando todo o

tráfego e envia mensagens informativas (logs <span

style='mso-tab-count:1'> e <span

style='mso-spacerun:yes'> SNMP) ao administrador

da rede.<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;

font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'><o:p> </o:p>

<p style='margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto;

text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo6'><![if !supportLists]><span

lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;

mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black;

mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>·

<![endif]><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;

line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'>Shutdown - <span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;

line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'>Ação na qual o switch restringe a interface com o serviço habilitado, <span

style='mso-tab-count:1'> descartando todo tráfego, envia

mensagens informativas (logs e SNMP) ao administrador

da rede e desativa a interface. Por padrão, as interfaces configuradas <span

style='mso-tab-count:1'> com a tecnologia vem com essa ação

habilitada.<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;

line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'><o:p> </o:p>

<![if !supportLists]><span

lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";

mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'><span

style='mso-list:Ignore'>3-

<![endif]><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;

line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'>(Opcional) É possível especificar o número máximo de endereços físicos a

serem<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;

font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>cadastrados

na interface. O padrão é um endereço físico por porta.<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;

font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'><o:p> </o:p>

<![if !supportLists]><span

lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";

mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'><span

style='mso-list:Ignore'>4-

<![endif]><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;

line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'>(Opcional) É possível especificar o tempo máximo que os endereços

físicos ficaram<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;

font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>cadastrados

na interface. Essa classificação de tempo pode ser feita em dois tipos:<o:p></o:p>

<p style='margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto;

text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo7'><![if !supportLists]><span

lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;

mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black;

mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>·

<![endif]><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;

line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'>Absolute - <span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;

line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'>ação na qual o switch remove os endereços físicos associados a

interface, depois do tempo determinado na configuração se esgotar.<o:p></o:p>

<p style='margin-left:1.0in;mso-add-space:auto;

text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo7'><![if !supportLists]><span

lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;

mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black;

mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>·

<![endif]><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;

line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'>Inactivity - <span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;

line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'>ação na qual o switch remove os endereços físicos associados a

interface, caso o dispositivo fique inativo por um período de tempo que foi

estipulado na configuração.<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;

font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'><o:p> </o:p>

1.4 –

Configuração<o:p></o:p>

A seguir,

será apresentado os comandos utilizados para realizar os passos da configuração

da tecnologia. Como os passos 3 e 4 descritos anteriormente são opcionais, os

mesmos não serão apresentados nesta seção.<o:p></o:p>

<![if !supportLists]><span

lang=PT-BR style='mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;

mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>1-<span

style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> <![endif]><span

lang=PT-BR style='mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>Habilitar o port-security na

interface: <o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'> Para realizarmos

essa tarefa, devemos primeiro definir a interface como modo de acesso: <b

style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><o:p></o:p>

<span

lang=PT-BR style='mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'> <span

class=GramE>Switch(config-if)#<span

class=SpellE>switchport mode access<o:p></o:p>

<span

style='mso-tab-count:1'>

<span

lang=PT-BR style='mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>A seguir, devemos habilitar o

port-security na interface:<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'> <o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'> <span

class=GramE>Switch(<span

class=SpellE>config<b

style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>-if)switchport

port-security<o:p></o:p>

<o:p> </o:p>

<![if !supportLists]><span

lang=PT-BR style='mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;

mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>2-<span

style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> <![endif]><span

lang=PT-BR style='mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>Configurar os endereços físicos

permitidos naquela interface:<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'> Como descrito

anteriormente, existem duas maneiras de definir os endereços físicos: <b

style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Manualmente e <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:

normal'>Automaticamente.<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'><o:p> </o:p>

<b

style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Manualmente<span

class=GramE> : Switch(<span

class=SpellE>config-if)#switchport

port-security mac-address <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:

normal'>xxxx.xxxx.xxxx

<o:p> </o:p>

<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:

normal'>Automaticamente: <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:

normal'>Switch(<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:

normal'>config-if)#<span

class=SpellE>switchport port-security mac-address sticky<o:p></o:p>

<o:p> </o:p>

<span

lang=PT-BR style='mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>Na definição manual, o endereço físico

(representado no comando como xxxx.xxxx.xxxx)

é atribuido ao “banco de endereços permitidos” do switch, e o dispositivo que

se conectar a interface, deve possuir o mesmo endereço físico.<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'> <o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'> Na definição

automatica, o endereço físico do dispositivos conectados a interface em questão

é aprendido automaticamente, e “associado” aquela interface. Ou seja, o switch

aprende o endereço físico de todos os dispositivos conectados as sua interface

configuradas com o port-security no modo “mac-address

sticky”.<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'><o:p> </o:p>

<span

lang=PT-BR style='mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>OBS: <span lang=PT-BR

style='mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>Por questões de segurança, dispositivos com o

mesmo endereço físico não podem ser conectados à mesma vlan.<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'><o:p> </o:p>

<![if !supportLists]><span

lang=PT-BR style='mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;

mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>3-<span

style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> <![endif]><span

lang=PT-BR style='mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>Configurando a ação de violação<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'> Por padrão, uma

interface configurada com o port-security (se nenhum comando relacionado for

adicionado) ela virá configurada com a ação de <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:

normal'>shutdown. O comando para alternar entre os três tipos é:<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'><o:p> </o:p>

<span

lang=PT-BR style='mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'> <span

class=GramE>Switch(config-if )#<span

class=SpellE>switchport<b

style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'> port-security violation <i

style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>shutdown | <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:

normal'>restrict | protect<o:p></o:p>

<o:p> </o:p>

<span

lang=PT-BR style='mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>OBS: <span lang=PT-BR

style='mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>Caso uma interface esteja com a ação de

violação shutdown e ocorra a

violação de segurança naquela interface, a mesma será colocada em estado <b

style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>err-disable, e para que a mesma volte a

operar normalmente, é necessário desabilita-la (<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:

normal'>shutdown) e habilitar novamente (<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:

normal'>no shutdown).<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'><o:p> </o:p>

<![if !supportLists]><span

lang=PT-BR style='mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;

mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>4-<span

style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> <![endif]><span

lang=PT-BR style='mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>Visualizando as configurações e

informações relacionadas a tecnologia<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'> Para certificamos

de que a configuração foi feita com sucesso, e verificarmos se a segurança de

portas foi violada, podemos utilizar os seguintes comandos:<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='mso-ansi-language:

PT-BR'><o:p> </o:p>

<span

lang=PT-BR style='mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'> <span

class=SpellE>Switch#show port-security <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:

normal'>(opcional) interface fa0/1

(opcional) address

<o:p> </o:p>

1.4 –

Conclusão<o:p></o:p>

<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:11.5pt;line-height:115%;

font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black;mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'>Não

existe rede totalmente segura (apesar de muitas pessoas acreditarem nessa

utopia), pois devido a heterogeneidade dos dispositivos e softwares existentes

em cada rede, nenhuma solução de segurança é suficiente para proteger todas as

brechas e vulnerabilidades de todos os pontos da rede. A tecnologia descrita

neste artigo, serve como uma sugestão de baixo custo e eficiente no controle de

acesso a rede, porém existem diversos outros tipos de soluções e tecnologias

disponiveis. Toda e qualquer medida de segurança deve estar aliada as politicas

de segurança da empresa e o devido treinamento das pessoas que irão

utiliza-las, e muitas vezes, a negligência desses aspectos facilitam os

ataques. A seguir, um resumo com os prós e contras da tecnologia:<span

lang=PT-BR style='mso-ansi-language:PT-BR'><o:p></o:p>

<b

style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Prós<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:

normal'><o:p></o:p>

<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;

mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:0in;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3'><![if !supportLists]><span

lang=PT-BR style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:

Symbol'>·

<![endif]>Custo reduzido pelo fato de

utilizar a infraestrutura de rede já existente.

<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;

mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:0in;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3'><![if !supportLists]><span

lang=PT-BR style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:

Symbol'>·

<![endif]>Pelo fato de permitir a

definição de um número máximo de endereços físicos conectados à uma determinada

interface, podemos bloquear a utilização de equipamentos de conectividade

sem-fio ou a utilização de hubs neste segmento de rede, definindo o número

máximo de dispositivos permitidos naquela interface como 1.

<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;

mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:0in;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3'><![if !supportLists]><span

lang=PT-BR style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:

Symbol'>·

<![endif]>Configuração relativamente

simples, se comparado a outras tecnologias que realizam a mesma função.

<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;

mso-add-space:auto;line-height:150%'><o:p> </o:p>

<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:

normal'>Contras<o:p></o:p>

<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;

mso-add-space:auto;text-indent:0in;line-height:150%;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo4'><![if !supportLists]><span

lang=PT-BR style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:

Symbol'>·

<![endif]>Pelo fato de não utilizar um

autenticador externo, tal como um servidor de autenticação RADIUS,<span

style='mso-spacerun:yes'> e utilizar endereços físicos para identificar

os dispositivos confiáveis, é possível utilizar softwares que “mudam” o

endereço físico da interface de rede, e com isso, caso o atacante consiga o

endereço físico de um dispositivo devidamente cadastrado naquele switch, ele

pode infiltrar-se na rede utilizando tal endereço e burlando a politica de

segurança deste ambiente.

<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;

mso-add-space:auto;line-height:150%'><o:p> </o:p>

<o:p> </o:p>

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Características e configurações básicas do Port Security

Quick links