Outbound traffic from a PC to the server is allowed by the firewall without any issues,but return traffic from the server is subject to source NAT along the way, preventing communication.If outbound traffic bypasses NAT but return traffic is NATed, t...

On firewalls such as the Cisco ASA, is it sufficient to allow only port 21/tcp in order to permit FTP Active Mode data transfer?Client → Server (21/tcp)Server (20/tcp) → ClientIf I allow port 21/tcp, will the system track the data connection and auto...

For an IPsec SA established via route-based IPsec, if traffic ceases on the standby router, does the SA get deleted when its lifetime (86,400 seconds) expires?Please let me know if there are any other conditions or timer values that trigger deletion....

For our IPsec connection, our site uses policy-based IPsec, while the remote site uses route-based IPsec.When I changed our site from policy-based to route-based, the router’s tunnel interface went up and the connection was encrypted, but the count o...

In a policy-based IPsec redundant configuration, if Router 1 fails, an IPsec SA inconsistency occurs between Router 2 and the remote VPN device, preventing communication from resuming. Therefore, we have automated the execution of the clear command v...