【原创】EIGRP的Stub特性测试

碧云天 · ‎02-08-2020

一.测试拓扑

备注：
---为了测试效果，在R2路由器上设置为EIGRP Stub路由器
测试总结：
1.EIGRP路由器不会向Stub邻居发出查询报文，但是Stub会向自己邻居发查询报文
2.如果stub不跟任何参数，默认会自己增加connected和summary两个参数
3.stube的参数除receive-only只能单独使用外，其他都能任意搭配使用
---不过static是redistributed的子集，虽然可以搭配，没有实际意义
4.leak-map参数是否能单独使用，不同的路由器不一样，测试的路由器不能单独使用
二.基本配置
1.R1路由器
hostname R1
interface Loopback0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
router eigrp 10
network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
network 12.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
passive-interface Loopback0
no auto-summary
2.R2路由器
hostname R2
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
interface FastEthernet1/0
ip address 23.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
router eigrp 10
network 12.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
network 23.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
no auto-summary
3.R3路由器
hostname R3
interface Loopback0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 23.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
no shutdown
router eigrp 10
network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
network 13.1.1.3 0.0.0.0
passive-interface Loopback0
no auto-summary
三.Stub基本测试
1.R2没有设置stub路由器，R1会向其发出查询报文
①在R2开启debug eigrp packets query reply
②R1上shutdown l0接口
R1(config)#interface l0
R1(config-if)#shutdown
③在R2上可以看到R2收到R1的查询报文之后，没有立即回复，而是向R3发出查询报文，得到回复之后，才给R1回复
R2(config)#
*Feb 8 04:01:09.647: EIGRP: Received QUERY on Fa0/0 - paklen 44 nbr 12.1.1.1
*Feb 8 04:01:09.647: AS 10, Flags 0x0:(NULL), Seq 14/0 interfaceQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0 peerQ un/rely 0/0
*Feb 8 04:01:09.659: EIGRP: Enqueueing QUERY on Fa1/0 - paklen 0 tid 0 iidbQ un/rely 0/1 serno 22-22
*Feb 8 04:01:09.659: EIGRP: Enqueueing QUERY on Fa0/0 - paklen 0 tid 0 iidbQ un/rely 0/1 serno 22-22
*Feb 8 04:01:09.663: EIGRP: Sending QUERY on Fa1/0 - paklen 44 tid 0
*Feb 8 04:01:09.663: AS 10, Flags 0x0:(NULL), Seq 28/0 interfaceQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0 serno 22-22
*Feb 8 04:01:09.691: EIGRP: Received REPLY on Fa1/0 - paklen 44 nbr 23.1.1.3
*Feb 8 04:01:09.691: AS 10, Flags 0x0:(NULL), Seq 11/28 interfaceQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0 peerQ un/rely 0/0
*Feb 8 04:01:09.703: EIGRP: Enqueueing REPLY on Fa0/0 - paklen 0 nbr 12.1.1.1 tid 0 iidbQ un/rely 0/1 peerQ un/rely 0/0 serno 23-23
*Feb 8 04:01:09.711: EIGRP: Sending REPLY on Fa0/0 - paklen 44 nbr 12.1.1.1 tid 0
*Feb 8 04:01:09.711: AS 10, Flags 0x0:(NULL), Seq 30/14 interfaceQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0 peerQ un/rely 0/1 serno 23-23
2.如果只敲stub会默认跟着connected summary
①R2设置stub路由器，只配置stub不跟任何参数
R2(config)#router eigrp 10
R2(config-router)#eigrp stub
②通过查看配置，可以看到会默认跟上connected summary
R2(config-router)#do show run | sec router
router eigrp 10
network 12.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
network 23.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
eigrp stub connected summary
R2(config-router)#
3.EIGRP不会向stub邻居发出查询报文，但是妨碍Stub向其邻居发出查询报文
①在R1和R2上都开启debug eigrp packets query reply
②R1上shutdown l0接口
R1(config)#interface l0
R1(config-if)#shutdown
③R1上可以看到，R2发出的查询报文
R1(config-if)#
*Feb 8 04:14:45.467: EIGRP: Received QUERY on Fa0/0 - paklen 44 nbr 12.1.1.2
*Feb 8 04:14:45.467: AS 10, Flags 0x0:(NULL), Seq 45/0 interfaceQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0 peerQ un/rely 0/0
*Feb 8 04:14:45.483: EIGRP: Enqueueing REPLY on Fa0/0 - paklen 0 nbr 12.1.1.2 tid 0 iidbQ un/rely 0/1 peerQ un/rely 0/0 serno 30-30
*Feb 8 04:14:45.491: EIGRP: Sending REPLY on Fa0/0 - paklen 44 nbr 12.1.1.2 tid 0
*Feb 8 04:14:45.491: AS 10, Flags 0x0:(NULL), Seq 23/45 interfaceQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0 peerQ un/rely 0/1 serno 30-30
④在R2上可以看到，R2同时给R1和R3发出查询报文
R2(config-router)#
*Feb 8 04:14:45.355: EIGRP: Enqueueing QUERY on Fa1/0 - paklen 0 tid 0 iidbQ un/rely 0/1 serno 29-29
*Feb 8 04:14:45.355: EIGRP: Enqueueing QUERY on Fa0/0 - paklen 0 tid 0 iidbQ un/rely 0/1 serno 29-29
*Feb 8 04:14:45.359: EIGRP: Sending QUERY on Fa1/0 - paklen 44 tid 0
*Feb 8 04:14:45.359: AS 10, Flags 0x0:(NULL), Seq 44/0 interfaceQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0 serno 29-29
*Feb 8 04:14:45.359: EIGRP: Sending QUERY on Fa0/0 - paklen 44 tid 0
*Feb 8 04:14:45.359: AS 10, Flags 0x0:(NULL), Seq 45/0 interfaceQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0 serno 29-29
*Feb 8 04:14:45.387: EIGRP: Received REPLY on Fa1/0 - paklen 44 nbr 23.1.1.3
*Feb 8 04:14:45.387: AS 10, Flags 0x0:(NULL), Seq 17/44 interfaceQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0 peerQ un/rely 0/0
*Feb 8 04:14:45.399: EIGRP: Received REPLY on Fa0/0 - paklen 44 nbr 12.1.1.1
*Feb 8 04:14:45.399: AS 10, Flags 0x0:(NULL), Seq 23/45 interfaceQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0 peerQ un/rely 0/0
⑤从R1的f0/0抓包可以看出，是R1先发出update报文，R2回复确认报文之后，才发出查询报文
--从抓包也可以看出，Update、Query、Reply报文都需要ack确认

四.Stub不同参数测试
---用的是dynamips c7200-advipservicesk9-mz.152-4.S2.image，不同的版本可能结果不一样
1.stub不跟任何参数，默认会跟上connected summary参数，会传递直连和汇总路由
①在R1上面能看到R2的直连路由
R1#show ip route eigrp | begin Gate
Gateway of last resort is not set
2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 2.2.2.0 [90/156160] via 12.1.1.2, 00:03:21, FastEthernet0/0
23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 23.1.1.0 [90/30720] via 12.1.1.2, 00:03:21, FastEthernet0/0
R1#
②R2开启自动汇总，R1上能收到汇总路由
R1#show ip route eigrp | begin Gate
Gateway of last resort is not set
D 2.0.0.0/8 [90/156160] via 12.1.1.2, 00:00:06, FastEthernet0/0
D 23.0.0.0/8 [90/30720] via 12.1.1.2, 00:00:06, FastEthernet0/0
R1#
③R2关闭自动汇总，配置手工汇总，R1上也能收到手工汇总路由
R2(config)# router eigrp 10
R2(config-router)# no auto-summary
R2(config-router)#int f0/0
R2(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 10 3.0.0.0/8
R1#show ip route eigrp | begin Gate
Gateway of last resort is not set
2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 2.2.2.0 [90/156160] via 12.1.1.2, 00:00:27, FastEthernet0/0
D 3.0.0.0/8 [90/158720] via 12.1.1.2, 00:00:06, FastEthernet0/0
23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 23.1.1.0 [90/30720] via 12.1.1.2, 00:00:27, FastEthernet0/0
R1#
2.如果stub只跟connected参数，则只会传递直连路由
R2(config)# router eigrp 10
R2(config-router)# eigrp stub connected
R2(config-router)#do show run | sec router
router eigrp 10
network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
network 12.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
network 23.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
eigrp stub connected
R2(config-router)#int f0/0
R2(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 10 3.0.0.0/8
R1#show ip route eigrp | begin Gate
Gateway of last resort is not set
2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 2.2.2.0 [90/156160] via 12.1.1.2, 00:01:01, FastEthernet0/0
23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 23.1.1.0 [90/30720] via 12.1.1.2, 00:01:01, FastEthernet0/0
R1#
3.如果stub只跟summary参数，则只会传递汇总路由
R2(config)# router eigrp 10
R2(config-router)# eigrp stub summary
R2(config-router)#do show run | sec router
router eigrp 10
network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
network 12.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
network 23.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
eigrp stub summary
R2(config-router)#int f0/0
R2(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 10 3.0.0.0/8
R1#show ip route eigrp | begin Gate
Gateway of last resort is not set
D 3.0.0.0/8 [90/158720] via 12.1.1.2, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0
R1#
4.如果stub只跟static 参数，则只会传递重分布的静态路由
R2(config)#ip route 100.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 l0
R2(config)# router eigrp 10
R2(config-router)#redistribute static
R2(config-router)# eigrp stub static
R2(config-router)#do show run | sec router
router eigrp 10
network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
network 12.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
network 23.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
redistribute static
eigrp stub static
R2(config-router)#int f0/0
R2(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 10 3.0.0.0/8
R1#show ip route eigrp | begin Gate
Gateway of last resort is not set
100.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D EX 100.1.1.0 [170/156160] via 12.1.1.2, 00:01:27, FastEthernet0/0
R1#
5.如果stub只跟redistributed参数，则会传递所有重分布的路由，包括静态路由
①R2上配置静态路由、RIP和手工汇总
ip route 100.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 l0
interface Loopback1
ip address 10.10.10.10 255.255.255.0
router rip
version 2
network 10.0.0.0
no auto-summary
int f0/0
ip summary-address eigrp 10 3.0.0.0/8
②R2上配置重分发和只带 redistributed的stub
router eigrp 10
redistribute static
redistribute rip metric 10000 1000 15 1 1500
eigrp stub redistributed
R2(config-router)#do show run | sec router
router eigrp 10
network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
network 12.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
network 23.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
redistribute static
redistribute rip metric 10000 1000 15 1 1500
eigrp stub redistributed
备注：低版本可能redistributed不能单独使用，测试的IO可以单独使用。
③在R1上面既能看到重分布进来的静态路由，也有重分布进来的RIP路由
R1#show ip route eigrp | begin Gate
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D EX 10.10.10.0 [170/514560] via 12.1.1.2, 00:00:28, FastEthernet0/0
100.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D EX 100.1.1.0 [170/156160] via 12.1.1.2, 00:00:28, FastEthernet0/0
R1#
6.stub的receive-only参数只能单独使用，它表示只收路由条目
R2(config)#ip route 100.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 l0
R2(config)# router eigrp 10
R2(config-router)#redistribute static
R2(config-router)# eigrp stub receive-only
R2(config-router)#do show run | sec router
router eigrp 10
network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
network 12.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
network 23.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
redistribute static
eigrp stub receive-only
R2(config-router)#int f0/0
R2(config-if)#ip summary-address eigrp 10 3.0.0.0/8
R1#show ip route eigrp | begin Gate
Gateway of last resort is not set
R1#
7.stub的leak-map参数不能单独使用，如果只配置leak-map会默认跟上connected summary参数
备注：有的版本leak-map参数能单独使用，测试的IO不能单独使用，手工可以跟除receive-only之外其他任意参数。
①R2配置ACL和route-map
access-list 10 permit 3.3.3.0
route-map stub-leakmap permit 10
match ip address 10
②R2配置配置stub只带leak-map参考，查看配置会自动加上connected summary参数
R2(config)#router eigrp 10
R2(config-router)#eigrp stub leak-map stub-leakmap
R2(config-router)#do show run | sec router
router eigrp 10
network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
network 12.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
network 23.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
eigrp stub connected summary leak-map stub-leakmap
③在R1上能看到不仅有直连路由还有从R3学习到的路由
R1#show ip route eigrp | begin Gate
Gateway of last resort is not set
2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 2.2.2.0 [90/156160] via 12.1.1.2, 00:03:35, FastEthernet0/0
3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 3.3.3.0 [90/158720] via 12.1.1.2, 00:03:34, FastEthernet0/0
23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D 23.1.1.0 [90/30720] via 12.1.1.2, 00:03:35, FastEthernet0/0
R1#

one-time · ‎02-09-2020

感谢楼主分享，谢谢~

Tony Luo · ‎02-10-2020

感谢楼主分享，学到了不少

likuo · ‎04-10-2020

有用信息。