I would not have expected changes to the IP layer to affect how EAP works, since the EAPOL frames are shoved into RADIUS UDP packets - and those are transported by the IP layer (v4 or v6) - if MAB works, then I have to assume the RADIUS comms between the switch and ISE is working (using IPv4 in your case, after removing v6)
The "show aaa servers" should reveal that the servers are in "UP" status. I'd be surprised if an EAP payload uses a different IP RADIUS transport than a MAB request. But I suppose anything is possible in IOS-XE or ISE ... it just doesn't make sense.
If you're able to remove the aaa config on the switch, and re-add it, perhaps that will be a useful troubleshooting step.
And if issue still exists, then remove the ISE Network Device entry, and re-add that.