You can’t directly change the key type used by FMC’s backup process through the GUI or CLI. The FMC backup function is hardcoded to use the default ssh-rsa key for root@firepower. Since your remote SFTP server no longer accepts RSA, the practical solution is to either:
Re-enable RSA temporarily on the SFTP server (if possible), or
Use an intermediate SFTP host that accepts RSA from FMC and forwards via ED25519/ECDSA, or
Open a TAC case to request an enhancement or verified workaround from Cisco, since manually modifying /etc/ssh or the backup script is unsupported and may break after upgrades.