In CCNA books the classical NAT inside is presented, where a router translates the internal private IP addresses to the public IP address(es) given by the ISP.Could you give me a real case when NAT outside is to be used?And is NAT outside used separa...

What is the better configuration (please provide pros and cons) ?- to use 2 separate links between 2 switches- or to use 1 etherchannel with those 2 links

Every 30seconds, a router receives from one of its neighbors RIP updates for a specific route. Suddenly that route gets down and then the router received immediately triggered update from that neighbor for that route, now with metric=16. The route is...

This holddown processs is not clear, all sources contradict between themselves and with the tests I performed in GNS3/Dynamips:R1<->R2<->R3<->R4<->R1(so 4 routers in ring)and set 1.0.0.0/8 on R1-R2, 2.0.0.0/8 on R2-R3, 3.0.0.0/8 on R3-R4, 4.0.0.0/8 o...

When is Poison Reverse used?By default I thought in Cisco routers the implemented split horizon is with poison reverse.So I expected to see that after R2 receives from R1 a route with a certain metric M1, the R2 would advertise back to R1 the same ro...