Hello @kamranshareef,
General guidelines:
--Make a list of all the assets (e.g., servers, workstations, databases, routers, firewalls, etc.) present in your network. Assign a value and criticality level to each asset based on its importance to the business and the sensitivity of the data it holds.
--Determine all the possible ways an attacker could gain unauthorized access to your network. This includes external access points like internet-facing servers and services, as well as internal access points like employee workstations and Wi-Fi networks.
--dentify all the services running on each asset. Common services include HTTP (web servers), FTP, SSH, RDP, etc. Make note of the software versions running, as outdated software can be vulnerable.
--List all user accounts and their associated privileges. Understand the principle of least privilege to identify potential issues with excessive permissions.
--Use vulnerability scanning tools to scan your network for known vulnerabilities in the software and services you are running. Pay attention to the critical and high-risk vulnerabilities.
--Analyze your firewall rules and other security devices (e.g., Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems) configurations. Ensure that they are up-to-date and only allow necessary and secure traffic.
--Evaluate how data is protected both at rest and during transmission. Encryption, secure protocols, and access controls should be in place to protect sensitive data.
--Assess the strength of authentication mechanisms, such as passwords, multi-factor authentication (MFA), and certificate-based authentication.
--Ensure that devices and applications do not have default credentials or configurations, as these are easy targets for attackers.
--Assess the potential impact of social engineering attacks, as they can bypass technical security measures by exploiting human vulnerabilities.
--Verify that your organization has a well-defined incident response plan in place, which includes steps to detect, respond to, and recover from security incidents.
--Consider physical security measures, especially for on-premises assets and data centers, as unauthorized physical access can lead to significant breaches.
--If possible, conduct penetration testing (ethical hacking) to simulate real-world attacks and identify potential weaknesses. Ensure this is done by qualified and authorized individuals or a reputable third-party security firm.
--Create a detailed report that documents all the vulnerabilities and weaknesses you've identified, along with specific recommendations for mitigating them. Include a risk rating to prioritize actions based on severity.
Cybersecurity is an ongoing process. Continuously monitor your network for new vulnerabilities, stay up-to-date with security patches, and periodically conduct new attack surface mappings to improve your overall security posture.
Best regards
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