Unfortunately ASA is not capable of blocking application specific like TeamViewer/VPN Adapters, etc.
You can configure access-list to block protocol or port, but not application layer specific traffic.
And yes, you are correct, ASA can't support HTTPS blocking as HTTPS traffic is encrypted.
For URL blocking, you can use either Cisco Ironport WSA or Cisco ScanSafe cloud solution and both support HTTPS decryption.