Hi,
it seems like Cisco is using CDP only to authenticate IP phones on voice-vlan ports.
See http://cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/switches/ps628/products_configuration_guide_chapter09186a0080150b73.html#50544
What type of IP phones are you using?
Wouldn't it be possible to configure your IP phone to sent voice with higher 802.1p priority (similar to switchport voice vlan dot1p command) but in the same (native) vlan as PC data?
If you left 802.1x authentication running on the port, wouldn't the IP phone have to auithenticate then?
Regards,
Milan