You * might * be able to do that, if you use something like web dialer
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/voice_ip_comm/cucm/admin/8_5_1/ccmfeat/fsgd-851-cm/fswbdlr.html
There's only TAPI/JTAPI for Windows or Linux, so, you'd be forced to use one of those OSs to have any chance of making this work.
Your voice admin should be able to assist with any of the other config you're talking about if you manage to get your raspberry to place a call using CTI.
The voice admin can also provide the TAPI/JTAPI files as they're in CUCM.
Might want to ask in DevNet.
HTH
java
if this helps, please rate