This is a very good question, But personally, you do not need major bandwidth for the SNMP polling. - since most of the time we plan on remote WAN site to be use maximum for 80-90% of bandwidth utilization for better results. so you have headroom for service work as expected. but you can define in QoS how you want and what percentage to reserve.
But coming to the central end, Sure you need Horse Power Compute to Poll these devices, you need a cluster of devices to poll this many nodes, how fast they can poll and get the information stored into database and process is a big task for you. ?
If you do not plan this compute you do not get optimum results.
Hope this makes sense?