Phone can announce the user (de-)activated the CFWD to PBX, but
1. you will not get the target number
2. it is unreliable announcement, so if you are unable to process it, you will be out of sync
3. PBX can't reject user's attempt to set CFWD if inapropriate
Also, CFWD can't be driven by PBX at the same time.
Note you must not allow call forwarding to emergency numbers in Czech Republic. You should handle attempt to forward call to itself as well. It's not possible to do it in full with forwarding handled by phone.
My proposal is ...
Don't use phone's embedded forward logic. Disable it at all here. Handle forwarding at PBX level instead. If you have spare line button, the BLF feature can be used as visual notification of the current state.