I'm not aware of any such command or configuration you can do on the ASA or router natively.
I have seen one customer with an IDS creates a script that sends a shun command to the ASA and adds the source address to a blacklist ACL. I always thought that was more trouble than it was worth though, personally.
If there is an IPS upstream and the source of the failed attempts appears to be consistently from one or another country where you don't have any legitimate need for incoming communcations, you might be able to use a Geolocation blacklist to block all traffic from those locations.