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Edgar c Francis
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DMVPN (Dynamic Multipoint VPN) Introduced by Cisco in late 2000 is a routing technology you can use to build a VPN network with multiple sites (spokes) without having to statically configure all devices. It’s a “hub and spoke” network, where the spokes will, can to communicate with each other directly without having to go through the hub. Encryption is supported through IPsec which makes DMVPN a popular choice for connecting different sites using regular Internet connections. It’s a great backup or alternative to private networks like MPLS VPN.

As we already discuss Phase 1 is Not used nowadays, In phase 1 we use NHRP so that spokes can register themselves with the hub (NHRP needed for spokes to register with hub). The hub is the only router that is using a multipoint GRE (mGRE) interface, all spokes will be using regular point-to-point GRE tunnel interfaces. No spokes hub and spokes topology were dynamic IP addresses on the spokes may be used. All your traffic goes through the hub. This means that there will be no direct spoke-to-spoke communication; all traffic has to go through the hub.

So our traffic has to go through the hub, our routing configuration will be quite simple. Spoke routers only need a summary or default route to the hub to reach other spoke routers.

 

EdgarcFrancis_0-1634630162361.png

 

 

 

In DMVPN Phase 2 hub and spokes are configured as multipoint GRE and spoke to spokes tunnels are create, NHRP required for spokes to register to Hub and NHRP also required for spoke to spoke resolution.

let's see the configuration:-

Topology:-

 

 

 

EdgarcFrancis_1-1634630162461.png

 

 

Goal:

  • configure the topology as per the diagram 
  • assign the IP addresses to their port as per the topology 
  • configure static routing on router 2 
  • configure default routing on router 1 3 4
  • configure DMVPN Phase 2 on router 1, 3 and 4
  • configure router 1 Hub and  router 3 and 4 should be spokes routers
  • configure tunnel interfaces 192.168.10.0/24
  • configure NHRP using Stating mapping.

 

R1(config)#interface serial 4/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.0.0.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.0.0.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#no keepalive

R1(config-if)#exit

 

R2(config)#interface serial 4/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.2 255.0.0.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#interface serial 4/1

R2(config-if)#ip address 3.3.3.1 255.0.0.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#interface serial 4/2

R2(config-if)#ip address 4.4.4.1 255.0.0.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 20.1.1.1 255.0.0.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#no keepalive

R2(config-if)#exit

 

R3(config)#interface serial 4/1

R3(config-if)#ip address 3.3.3.2 255.0.0.0

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/0

R3(config-if)#ip address 30.1.1.1 255.0.0.0

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#no keepalive

R3(config-if)#exit

 

 

R4(config)#interface serial 4/2

R4(config-if)#ip address 4.4.4.2 255.0.0.0

R4(config-if)#no shutdown

R4(config-if)#interface fastethernet 0/0

R4(config-if)#ip address 40.1.1.1 255.0.0.0

R4(config-if)#no shutdown

R4(config-if)#no keepalive

R4(config-if)#exit

 



R1#show ip interface brief

Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

FastEthernet0/0        10.1.1.1        YES manual up                    up

Serial4/0                    1.1.1.1         YES manual up                    up

 

R2#show ip interface brief

Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

FastEthernet0/0        20.1.1.1        YES manual up                    up

Serial4/0              1.1.1.2         YES manual up                    up

Serial4/1              3.3.3.1         YES manual up                    up

Serial4/2              4.4.4.1         YES manual up                    up

 

R3#show ip interface brief

Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

FastEthernet0/0        30.1.1.1        YES manual up                    up

Serial4/1                     3.3.3.2         YES manual up                    up

 

R4#show ip interface brief

Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

FastEthernet0/0        40.1.1.1        YES manual up                    up

Serial4/2                    4.4.4.2         YES manual up                    up



 

R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 serial 4/0

R1(config)#exit

R2(config)#ip route 1.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 serial 4/0

R2(config)#ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 serial 4/0

R2(config)#ip route 30.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 serial 4/1

R2(config)#ip route 3.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 serial 4/1

R2(config)#ip route 4.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 serial 4/2

R2(config)#ip route 40.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 serial 4/2

R2(config)#exit

 

R3(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 serial 4/1

R3(config)#exit

 

R4(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 serial 4/2

R4(config)#exit

 

 

R1#show ip route static

Gateway of last resort is 0.0.0.0 to network 0.0.0.0

S*    0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, Serial4/0

R2#show ip route static

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

S     10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial4/0

S     30.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial4/1

S     40.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial4/2



 

R3#show ip route static

 

Gateway of last resort is 0.0.0.0 to network 0.0.0.0

 

S*    0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, Serial4/1

 

 

R4#show ip route static

 

Gateway of last resort is 0.0.0.0 to network 0.0.0.0

 

S*    0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, Serial4/2

 

R1(config)#interface tunnel 1023

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#tunnel source 1.1.1.1

R1(config-if)#tunnel mode gre multipoint

R1(config-if)#IP NHRP network-id 1

R1(config-if)#IP NHRP map 192.168.10.2 3.3.3.2

R1(config-if)#IP NHRP map 192.168.10.3 4.4.4.2

R1(config-if)#exit

 

 

R3(config)#interface tunnel 1023

R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#tunnel source 3.3.3.2

R3(config-if)#tunnel mode gre multipoint

R3(config-if)#IP NHRP network-id 3

R3(config-if)#IP NHRP map 192.168.10.1 1.1.1.1

R3(config-if)#IP NHRP map 192.168.10.3 4.4.4.2

R3(config-if)#exit

 

 

R4(config)#interface tunnel 1023

R4(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.3 255.255.255.0

R4(config-if)#tunnel source 4.4.4.2

R4(config-if)#tunnel mode gre multipoint

R4(config-if)#IP NHRP network-id 3

R4(config-if)#IP NHRP map 192.168.10.1 1.1.1.1

R4(config-if)#IP NHRP map 192.168.10.2 3.3.3.2

R4(config-if)#exit

R1#show ip interface brief tunnel 1023

Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Tunnel1023             192.168.10.1    YES manual up                    up

 

 

 

R1#show ip nhrp

192.168.10.2/32 via 192.168.10.2

   Tunnel1023 created 00:40:57, never expire

   Type: static, Flags: used

   NBMA address: 3.3.3.2

192.168.10.3/32 via 192.168.10.3

   Tunnel1023 created 00:40:38, never expire

   Type: static, Flags:

   NBMA address: 4.4.4.2

R1#show dmvpn

Legend: Attrb --> S - Static, D - Dynamic, I - Incomplete

        N - NATed, L - Local, X - No Socket

        # Ent --> Number of NHRP entries with same NBMA peer

        NHS Status: E --> Expecting Replies, R --> Responding, W --> Waiting

        UpDn Time --> Up or Down Time for a Tunnel

==========================================================================

 

Interface: Tunnel1023, IPv4 NHRP Details

Type:Spoke, NHRP Peers:2,

 

 # Ent  Peer NBMA Addr Peer Tunnel Add State  UpDn Tm Attrb

 ----- --------------- --------------- ----- -------- -----

     1 3.3.3.2            192.168.10.2  NHRP    never     S

     1 4.4.4.2            192.168.10.3  NHRP    never     S

 

 

R3#show ip interface brief tunnel 1023
Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
Tunnel1023             192.168.10.2    YES manual up                    up
R3#show ip nhrp
192.168.10.1/32 via 192.168.10.1
   Tunnel1023 created 00:39:56, never expire
   Type: static, Flags: used
   NBMA address: 1.1.1.1
192.168.10.3/32 via 192.168.10.3
   Tunnel1023 created 00:39:25, never expire
   Type: static, Flags: used
   NBMA address: 4.4.4.2
R3#show dmvpn
Legend: Attrb --> S - Static, D - Dynamic, I - Incomplete
        N - NATed, L - Local, X - No Socket
        # Ent --> Number of NHRP entries with same NBMA peer
        NHS Status: E --> Expecting Replies, R --> Responding, W --> Waiting
        UpDn Time --> Up or Down Time for a Tunnel
==========================================================================
Interface: Tunnel1023, IPv4 NHRP Details
Type:Spoke, NHRP Peers:2,
 # Ent  Peer NBMA Addr Peer Tunnel Add State  UpDn Tm Attrb
 ----- --------------- --------------- ----- -------- -----
     1 1.1.1.1            192.168.10.1  NHRP    never     S
     1 4.4.4.2            192.168.10.3  NHRP    never     S

 

 

R4#show ip interface brief tunnel 1023

Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Tunnel1023             192.168.10.3    YES manual up                    up

R4#show ip nhrp

192.168.10.1/32 via 192.168.10.1

   Tunnel1023 created 00:36:25, never expire

   Type: static, Flags: used

   NBMA address: 1.1.1.1

192.168.10.2/32 via 192.168.10.2

   Tunnel1023 created 00:36:16, never expire

   Type: static, Flags: used

   NBMA address: 3.3.3.2

R4#show dmvpn

Legend: Attrb --> S - Static, D - Dynamic, I - Incomplete

        N - NATed, L - Local, X - No Socket

        # Ent --> Number of NHRP entries with same NBMA peer

        NHS Status: E --> Expecting Replies, R --> Responding, W --> Waiting

        UpDn Time --> Up or Down Time for a Tunnel

==========================================================================

 

Interface: Tunnel1023, IPv4 NHRP Details

Type:Spoke, NHRP Peers:2,

 

 # Ent  Peer NBMA Addr Peer Tunnel Add State  UpDn Tm Attrb

 ----- --------------- --------------- ----- -------- -----

     1 1.1.1.1            192.168.10.1  NHRP    never     S

     1 3.3.3.2            192.168.10.2  NHRP    never     S

 

 

( let see spokes router can get each other or not without using a hub)

 

R1#ping 192.168.10.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/71/256 ms

 

R1#ping 192.168.10.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.3, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/43/116 ms

 

 

R1#traceroute 30.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 30.1.1.1

VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)

  1 1.1.1.2 236 msec 28 msec 16 msec

  2 3.3.3.2 112 msec 16 msec 16 msec

 

R1#traceroute 192.168.10.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 192.168.10.2

VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)

  1 192.168.10.2 32 msec 28 msec 28 msec

 

R1#traceroute 192.168.10.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 192.168.10.3

VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)

  1 192.168.10.3 20 msec 40 msec 36 msec

 

R3#ping 192.168.10.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 60/83/100 ms

R3#ping 192.168.10.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.3, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 24/27/32 ms

 

R3#traceroute 40.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 40.1.1.1

VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)

  1 3.3.3.1 64 msec 24 msec 8 msec

  2 4.4.4.2 12 msec 28 msec 16 msec

 

R3#traceroute 192.168.10.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 192.168.10.1

VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)

  1 192.168.10.1 64 msec 20 msec 28 msec

 

 

( here is the screenshot of the previous lab DMVPN PHASE 1)

 

EdgarcFrancis_2-1634630162389.png

 

 

 

 

R3#traceroute 192.168.10.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 192.168.10.3

VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)

  1 192.168.10.3 12 msec 52 msec 44 msec

 

R3#traceroute 40.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 40.1.1.1

VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)

  1 3.3.3.1 4 msec 28 msec 20 msec

  2 4.4.4.2 8 msec 32 msec 16 msec

 

R4#ping 10.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/40/84 ms

 

R4#ping 192.168.10.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/27/32 ms

 

R4#ping 192.168.10.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/29/48 ms

 

R4#traceroute 192.168.10.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 192.168.10.1

VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)

  1 192.168.10.1 60 msec 40 msec 24 msec

 

R4#traceroute 192.168.10.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 192.168.10.2

VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)

  1 192.168.10.2 12 msec 48 msec 44 msec

 

R4#traceroute 10.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 10.1.1.1

VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)

  1 4.4.4.1 16 msec 16 msec 8 msec

  2 1.1.1.1 16 msec 32 msec 20 msec

 

(Let's see how to configure dynamic mappings )

 

We are modifying our previous static lab into dynamic. we are going to reconfigure our tunnel 1023 and DMVPN.

 

EdgarcFrancis_3-1634630162338.png

 

 

 

 

 

R1(config)# NO INTERFACE TUNNEL 1023

 

R1(config)#interface tunnel 400

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#tunnel source 1.1.1.1

R1(config-if)#tunnel mode gre multipoint

R1(config-if)#ip nhrp network-id 10

R1(config-if)#exit

 

 

R3(config)#NO INTERFACE TUNNEL 1023

R3(config)#interface tunnel 400

R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.100.2 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#tunnel source 3.3.3.2

R3(config-if)#tunnel mode gre multipoint

R3(config-if)#ip nhrp network-id 20

R3(config-if)#ip nhrp map 192.168.100.1 1.1.1.1

R3(config-if)#ip nhrp nhs 192.168.100.1

R3(config-if)#exit

 

R4(config)#NO INTERFACE TUNNEL 1023

R4(config)#interface tunnel 400

R4(config-if)#ip address 192.168.100.3 255.255.255.0

R4(config-if)#tunnel source 4.4.4.2

R4(config-if)#tunnel mode gre multipoint

R4(config-if)#ip nhrp network-id 30

R4(config-if)# ip nhrp map 192.168.100.1 1.1.1.1

R4(config-if)#ip nhrp nhs 192.168.100.1

R4(config-if)#exit

 

R1#show ip nhrp

192.168.100.2/32 via 192.168.100.2

   Tunnel400 created 00:05:28, expire 01:54:31

   Type: dynamic, Flags: unique registered used

   NBMA address: 3.3.3.2

192.168.100.3/32 via 192.168.100.3

   Tunnel400 created 00:01:14, expire 01:58:45

   Type: dynamic, Flags: unique registered used

   NBMA address: 4.4.4.2

 

R1#show DMVPN

Legend: Attrb --> S - Static, D - Dynamic, I - Incomplete

        N - NATed, L - Local, X - No Socket

        # Ent --> Number of NHRP entries with same NBMA peer

        NHS Status: E --> Expecting Replies, R --> Responding, W --> Waiting

        UpDn Time --> Up or Down Time for a Tunnel

==========================================================================

 

Interface: Tunnel400, IPv4 NHRP Details

Type:Hub, NHRP Peers:2,

 

 # Ent  Peer NBMA Addr Peer Tunnel Add State  UpDn Tm Attrb

 ----- --------------- --------------- ----- -------- -----

     1 3.3.3.2           192.168.100.2    UP 00:17:10     D

     1 4.4.4.2           192.168.100.3    UP 00:12:56     D

 

 

R1#traceroute 192.168.100.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 192.168.100.2

VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)

  1 192.168.100.2 48 msec 48 msec 24 msec

 

R1#traceroute 192.168.100.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 192.168.100.3

VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)

  1 192.168.100.3 72 msec 28 msec 40 msec

 

R3#show ip nhrp

192.168.100.1/32 via 192.168.100.1

   Tunnel400 created 00:06:05, never expire

   Type: static, Flags: used

   NBMA address: 1.1.1.1

R3#show dmvpn

Legend: Attrb --> S - Static, D - Dynamic, I - Incomplete

        N - NATed, L - Local, X - No Socket

        # Ent --> Number of NHRP entries with same NBMA peer

        NHS Status: E --> Expecting Replies, R --> Responding, W --> Waiting

        UpDn Time --> Up or Down Time for a Tunnel

==========================================================================

 

Interface: Tunnel400, IPv4 NHRP Details

Type:Spoke, NHRP Peers:1,

 

 # Ent  Peer NBMA Addr Peer Tunnel Add State  UpDn Tm Attrb

 ----- --------------- --------------- ----- -------- -----

     1 1.1.1.1           192.168.100.1    UP 00:06:15     S

 

R3#traceroute 192.168.100.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 192.168.100.1

VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)

  1 192.168.100.1 80 msec 36 msec 32 msec

 

R3#traceroute 192.168.100.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 192.168.100.3

VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)

  1 192.168.100.1 80 msec 52 msec 16 msec

  2 192.168.100.3 120 msec 20 msec 40 msec

 

R3#traceroute 192.168.100.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 192.168.100.3

VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)

  1 192.168.100.3 64 msec 88 msec 28 msec

 

R3#traceroute 192.168.100.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 192.168.100.3

VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)

  1 192.168.100.3 28 msec 16 msec 40 msec

 

 

 

R4#show ip nhrp

192.168.100.1/32 via 192.168.100.1

   Tunnel400 created 00:01:37, never expire

   Type: static, Flags: used

   NBMA address: 1.1.1.1

 

R4#show dmvpn

Legend: Attrb --> S - Static, D - Dynamic, I - Incomplete

        N - NATed, L - Local, X - No Socket

        # Ent --> Number of NHRP entries with same NBMA peer

        NHS Status: E --> Expecting Replies, R --> Responding, W --> Waiting

        UpDn Time --> Up or Down Time for a Tunnel

==========================================================================

 

Interface: Tunnel400, IPv4 NHRP Details

Type:Spoke, NHRP Peers:1,

 

 # Ent  Peer NBMA Addr Peer Tunnel Add State  UpDn Tm Attrb

 ----- --------------- --------------- ----- -------- -----

     1 1.1.1.1           192.168.100.1    UP 00:02:08     S

 

 

 

R4#traceroute 192.168.100.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 192.168.100.1

VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)

  1 192.168.100.1 24 msec 48 msec 44 msec

 

R4#traceroute 192.168.100.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 192.168.100.2

VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)

  1 192.168.100.2 28 msec 32 msec 36 msec

 

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