04-01-2018 12:03 AM - edited 03-05-2019 10:11 AM
we would like to perform load balance in edge routers connected to same ISP.
the edge routers are running IBGP between them using IGP protocols as OSPF.
the Edge routers connected to ISP are running EBGP.
i am trying to follow the example in the link given below
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/border-gateway-protocol-bgp/13762-40.html#anc15
but not able to achive the results.
any one can help me out.
R3 configuration:
router bgp 2
no synchronization
bgp log-neighbor-changes
network 3.3.3.3 mask 255.255.255.255
redistribute ospf 100
neighbor 4.4.4.4 remote-as 2
neighbor 4.4.4.4 update-source Loopback0
neighbor 4.4.4.4 next-hop-self
neighbor 4.4.4.4 soft-reconfiguration inbound
neighbor 172.16.35.5 remote-as 1
neighbor 172.16.35.5 soft-reconfiguration inbound
neighbor 172.16.35.5 route-map R3-R5 out
no auto-summary
route-map R3-R5 permit 10
match ip address 2
set as-path prepend 2 2 2
route-map R3-R5 permit 20
match ip address 1
Router#sho run | i acce
access-list 1 permit 10.10.10.0
access-list 2 permit 20.20.20.0
Router#sho ip bgp neighbors 172.16.35.5 advertised-routes
Total number of prefixes 0
Router#
===============================================================
Router#sho ip bgp
BGP table version is 93, local router ID is 3.3.3.3
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
* i0.0.0.0 4.4.4.4 0 100 0 1 i
*> 172.16.35.5 0 0 1 i
* i1.1.1.1/32 4.4.4.4 11 100 0 ?
*> 10.1.13.1 11 32768 ?
* i2.2.2.2/32 4.4.4.4 11 100 0 ?
*> 10.1.23.2 2 32768 ?
* i3.3.3.3/32 4.4.4.4 21 100 0 ?
*> 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
* i4.4.4.4/32 4.4.4.4 0 100 0 ?
*> 10.1.23.2 12 32768 ?
*> 5.5.5.5/32 172.16.35.5 0 0 1 ?
r>i6.6.6.6/32 4.4.4.4 0 100 0 1 ?
r 172.16.35.5 21 0 1 ?
* i7.7.7.7/32 4.4.4.4 11 100 0 1 ?
*> 172.16.35.5 11 0 1 ?
* i10.1.12.0/24 4.4.4.4 1510 100 0 ?
*> 10.1.23.2 1501 32768 ?
--More--
===============================================================
Router#sho ip bgp neighbors 172.16.35.5 received-routes
BGP table version is 93, local router ID is 3.3.3.3
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 0.0.0.0 172.16.35.5 0 0 1 i
*> 5.5.5.5/32 172.16.35.5 0 0 1 ?
r 6.6.6.6/32 172.16.35.5 21 0 1 ?
*> 7.7.7.7/32 172.16.35.5 11 0 1 ?
*> 10.1.57.0/24 172.16.35.5 0 0 1 ?
r 10.1.67.0/24 172.16.35.5 20 0 1 ?
Total number of prefixes 6
===============================================================
Router#sho ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 172.16.35.5 to network 0.0.0.0
1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 1.1.1.1 [110/11] via 10.1.13.1, 00:26:05, FastEthernet0/1
2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 2.2.2.2 [110/2] via 10.1.23.2, 00:26:05, FastEthernet1/0
3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 4.4.4.4 [110/12] via 10.1.23.2, 00:26:05, FastEthernet1/0
20.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA 20.20.20.20 [110/11] via 10.1.13.1, 00:26:06, FastEthernet0/1
5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 5.5.5.5 [20/0] via 172.16.35.5, 00:24:41
6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2 6.6.6.6 [110/1] via 10.1.23.2, 00:24:35, FastEthernet1/0
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
S 172.16.46.0 [1/0] via 4.4.4.4
C 172.16.35.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
7.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 7.7.7.7 [20/11] via 172.16.35.5, 00:24:41
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 8 subnets, 2 masks
O IA 10.10.10.10/32 [110/11] via 10.1.13.1, 00:26:06, FastEthernet0/1
O 10.1.14.0/24 [110/21] via 10.1.23.2, 00:26:06, FastEthernet1/0
C 10.1.13.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
O 10.1.12.0/24 [110/1501] via 10.1.23.2, 00:26:06, FastEthernet1/0
O 10.1.24.0/24 [110/11] via 10.1.23.2, 00:26:06, FastEthernet1/0
C 10.1.23.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
B 10.1.57.0/24 [20/0] via 172.16.35.5, 00:24:41
O E2 10.1.67.0/24 [110/1] via 10.1.23.2, 00:24:35, FastEthernet1/0
B* 0.0.0.0/0 [20/0] via 172.16.35.5, 00:25:31
R4 configuration:
router bgp 2
no synchronization
bgp log-neighbor-changes
redistribute ospf 100
neighbor 3.3.3.3 remote-as 2
neighbor 3.3.3.3 update-source Loopback0
neighbor 3.3.3.3 next-hop-self
neighbor 3.3.3.3 soft-reconfiguration inbound
neighbor 172.16.46.6 remote-as 1
neighbor 172.16.46.6 soft-reconfiguration inbound
neighbor 172.16.46.6 route-map R4-R6 out
no auto-summary
route-map R4-R6 permit 10
match ip address 2
set as-path prepend 2 2 2
route-map R4-R6 permit 20
match ip address 1
Router#sho run | i acce
access-list 1 permit 20.20.20.0
access-list 2 permit 10.10.10.0
Router#
Router#sho ip bgp neighbors 172.16.46.6 advertised-routes
Total number of prefixes 0
===============================================================
Router#sho ip bgp
BGP table version is 52, local router ID is 4.4.4.4
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*>i0.0.0.0 3.3.3.3 0 100 0 1 i
* i1.1.1.1/32 3.3.3.3 11 100 0 ?
*> 10.1.14.1 11 32768 ?
* i2.2.2.2/32 3.3.3.3 2 100 0 ?
*> 10.1.24.2 11 32768 ?
* i3.3.3.3/32 3.3.3.3 0 100 0 i
*> 10.1.14.1 21 32768 ?
* i4.4.4.4/32 3.3.3.3 12 100 0 ?
*> 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ?
r 5.5.5.5/32 172.16.46.6 21 0 1 ?
r>i 3.3.3.3 0 100 0 1 ?
*> 6.6.6.6/32 172.16.46.6 0 0 1 ?
*> 7.7.7.7/32 172.16.46.6 11 0 1 ?
* i 3.3.3.3 11 100 0 1 ?
* i10.1.12.0/24 3.3.3.3 1501 100 0 ?
*> 10.1.14.1 1510 32768 ?
* i10.1.13.0/24 3.3.3.3 0 100 0 ?
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 10.1.14.1 20 32768 ?
* i10.1.14.0/24 3.3.3.3 21 100 0 ?
*> 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ?
* i10.1.23.0/24 3.3.3.3 0 100 0 ?
*> 10.1.14.1 21 32768 ?
* i10.1.24.0/24 3.3.3.3 11 100 0 ?
*> 0.0.0.0 0 32768 ?
r 10.1.57.0/24 172.16.46.6 20 0 1 ?
r>i 3.3.3.3 0 100 0 1 ?
*> 10.1.67.0/24 172.16.46.6 0 0 1 ?
* i10.10.10.10/32 3.3.3.3 11 100 0 ?
*> 10.1.14.1 11 32768 ?
* i20.20.20.20/32 3.3.3.3 11 100 0 ?
*> 10.1.14.1 11 32768 ?
===============================================================
Router#sho ip bgp neighbors 172.16.46.6 received-routes
BGP table version is 53, local router ID is 4.4.4.4
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 0.0.0.0 172.16.46.6 0 0 1 i
r 5.5.5.5/32 172.16.46.6 21 0 1 ?
*> 6.6.6.6/32 172.16.46.6 0 0 1 ?
*> 7.7.7.7/32 172.16.46.6 11 0 1 ?
r 10.1.57.0/24 172.16.46.6 20 0 1 ?
*> 10.1.67.0/24 172.16.46.6 0 0 1 ?
Total number of prefixes 6
===============================================================
Router#sho ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 172.16.46.6 to network 0.0.0.0
1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 1.1.1.1 [110/11] via 10.1.14.1, 00:25:44, FastEthernet0/1
2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 2.2.2.2 [110/11] via 10.1.24.2, 00:25:44, FastEthernet0/0
3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O 3.3.3.3 [110/21] via 10.1.14.1, 00:25:44, FastEthernet0/1
4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0
20.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA 20.20.20.20 [110/11] via 10.1.14.1, 00:25:45, FastEthernet0/1
5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2 5.5.5.5 [110/1] via 10.1.14.1, 00:24:27, FastEthernet0/1
6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 6.6.6.6 [20/0] via 172.16.46.6, 00:24:24
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 172.16.46.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
7.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 7.7.7.7 [20/11] via 172.16.46.6, 00:24:24
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 8 subnets, 2 masks
O IA 10.10.10.10/32 [110/11] via 10.1.14.1, 00:25:48, FastEthernet0/1
C 10.1.14.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
O 10.1.13.0/24 [110/20] via 10.1.14.1, 00:25:48, FastEthernet0/1
O 10.1.12.0/24 [110/1510] via 10.1.24.2, 00:25:48, FastEthernet0/0
[110/1510] via 10.1.14.1, 00:25:48, FastEthernet0/1
C 10.1.24.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.1.23.0/24 [110/21] via 10.1.14.1, 00:25:48, FastEthernet0/1
O E2 10.1.57.0/24 [110/1] via 10.1.14.1, 00:24:30, FastEthernet0/1
B 10.1.67.0/24 [20/0] via 172.16.46.6, 00:24:24
B* 0.0.0.0/0 [20/0] via 172.16.46.6, 00:00:17
Router#
the routes are not being advertised to ISP. can any one help me to fix the problem
Solved! Go to Solution.
04-01-2018 12:28 PM
Hello.
I got it to work with the configuration below. I think the problem is simply that your access lists match /24 addresses, but should match /32 addresses:
R3
router bgp 2
bgp log-neighbor-changes
redistribute ospf 100
neighbor 4.4.4.4 remote-as 2
neighbor 4.4.4.4 update-source Loopback0
neighbor 4.4.4.4 next-hop-self
neighbor 4.4.4.4 soft-reconfiguration inbound
neighbor 172.16.35.5 remote-as 1
neighbor 172.16.35.5 soft-reconfiguration inbound
neighbor 172.16.35.5 route-map DEST out
!
ip forward-protocol nd
!
route-map DEST permit 10
match ip address 10
set as-path prepend 2 2 2
!
route-map DEST permit 20
match ip address 20
!
access-list 10 permit 10.10.10.10
access-list 20 permit 20.20.20.20
R4
router bgp 2
bgp log-neighbor-changes
redistribute ospf 100
neighbor 3.3.3.3 remote-as 2
neighbor 3.3.3.3 update-source Loopback0
neighbor 3.3.3.3 next-hop-self
neighbor 3.3.3.3 soft-reconfiguration inbound
neighbor 172.16.46.6 remote-as 1
neighbor 172.16.46.6 soft-reconfiguration inbound
neighbor 172.16.46.6 route-map DEST out
!
ip forward-protocol nd
!
route-map DEST permit 10
match ip address 20
set as-path prepend 2 2 2
!
route-map DEST permit 20
match ip address 10
!
access-list 10 permit 10.10.10.10
access-list 20 permit 20.20.20.20
R5
R5#sh ip bgp
*> 10.10.10.10/32 172.16.35.3 2 0 2 2 2 2 ?
*> 20.20.20.20/32 172.16.35.3 2 0 2 ?
R6
R6#sh ip bgp
*> 10.10.10.10/32 172.16.46.4 2 0 2 ?
*> 20.20.20.20/32 172.16.46.4 2 0 2 2 2 2 ?
04-01-2018 03:33 AM
Hello,
at first glance it looks like you need to advertise the networks that are rereferenced in the access list (additions in bold):
R3 configuration:
router bgp 2
no synchronization
bgp log-neighbor-changes
network 3.3.3.3 mask 255.255.255.255
network 10.10.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0
network 20.20.20.0 mask 255.255.255.0
redistribute ospf 100
neighbor 4.4.4.4 remote-as 2
neighbor 4.4.4.4 update-source Loopback0
neighbor 4.4.4.4 next-hop-self
neighbor 4.4.4.4 soft-reconfiguration inbound
neighbor 172.16.35.5 remote-as 1
neighbor 172.16.35.5 soft-reconfiguration inbound
neighbor 172.16.35.5 route-map R3-R5 out
no auto-summary
route-map R3-R5 permit 10
match ip address 2
set as-path prepend 2 2 2
route-map R3-R5 permit 20
match ip address 1
Router#sho run | i acce
access-list 1 permit 10.10.10.0
access-list 2 permit 20.20.20.0
R4 configuration:
router bgp 2
no synchronization
bgp log-neighbor-changes
redistribute ospf 100
network 10.10.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0
network 20.20.20.0 mask 255.255.255.0
neighbor 3.3.3.3 remote-as 2
neighbor 3.3.3.3 update-source Loopback0
neighbor 3.3.3.3 next-hop-self
neighbor 3.3.3.3 soft-reconfiguration inbound
neighbor 172.16.46.6 remote-as 1
neighbor 172.16.46.6 soft-reconfiguration inbound
neighbor 172.16.46.6 route-map R4-R6 out
no auto-summary
route-map R4-R6 permit 10
match ip address 2
set as-path prepend 2 2 2
route-map R4-R6 permit 20
match ip address 1
Router#sho run | i acce
access-list 1 permit 20.20.20.0
access-list 2 permit 10.10.10.0
04-01-2018 03:39 AM
hey goerge,
thank you taking initiative.
actually the 10.10.10.0 and 20.20.20.0 networks are present in R1 and there are advertised into OSPF. if you notice that on R3 and R4, they get the routes through ospf .
O IA 10.10.10.10/32 [110/11] via 10.1.13.1, 00:26:06, FastEthernet0/1
the thing is when i apply route-map these routes are not advertised else they are advertised.
if it is 10.10.10.0 network it should pass through R3 and if it si 20.20.20.0 network then it should pass through R4
04-01-2018 03:45 AM
Hello,
can you post the full configs of your routers so I can lab this ?
04-01-2018 03:49 AM
04-01-2018 12:28 PM
Hello.
I got it to work with the configuration below. I think the problem is simply that your access lists match /24 addresses, but should match /32 addresses:
R3
router bgp 2
bgp log-neighbor-changes
redistribute ospf 100
neighbor 4.4.4.4 remote-as 2
neighbor 4.4.4.4 update-source Loopback0
neighbor 4.4.4.4 next-hop-self
neighbor 4.4.4.4 soft-reconfiguration inbound
neighbor 172.16.35.5 remote-as 1
neighbor 172.16.35.5 soft-reconfiguration inbound
neighbor 172.16.35.5 route-map DEST out
!
ip forward-protocol nd
!
route-map DEST permit 10
match ip address 10
set as-path prepend 2 2 2
!
route-map DEST permit 20
match ip address 20
!
access-list 10 permit 10.10.10.10
access-list 20 permit 20.20.20.20
R4
router bgp 2
bgp log-neighbor-changes
redistribute ospf 100
neighbor 3.3.3.3 remote-as 2
neighbor 3.3.3.3 update-source Loopback0
neighbor 3.3.3.3 next-hop-self
neighbor 3.3.3.3 soft-reconfiguration inbound
neighbor 172.16.46.6 remote-as 1
neighbor 172.16.46.6 soft-reconfiguration inbound
neighbor 172.16.46.6 route-map DEST out
!
ip forward-protocol nd
!
route-map DEST permit 10
match ip address 20
set as-path prepend 2 2 2
!
route-map DEST permit 20
match ip address 10
!
access-list 10 permit 10.10.10.10
access-list 20 permit 20.20.20.20
R5
R5#sh ip bgp
*> 10.10.10.10/32 172.16.35.3 2 0 2 2 2 2 ?
*> 20.20.20.20/32 172.16.35.3 2 0 2 ?
R6
R6#sh ip bgp
*> 10.10.10.10/32 172.16.46.4 2 0 2 ?
*> 20.20.20.20/32 172.16.46.4 2 0 2 2 2 2 ?
04-01-2018 01:55 PM - edited 04-01-2018 01:56 PM
Hello Goerge,
i got it done as you said but i still have confusion on the output which i get because the solution is not complete. as this is wan router, we will need all the networks to pass the wan routers not specifially 10.10.10.10 and 20.20.20.20
output in R5:
Router#sho ip bgp neighbors 172.16.35.3 received-routes
BGP table version is 27, local router ID is 5.5.5.5
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 10.10.10.10/32 172.16.35.3 3 0 2 ?
*> 20.20.20.20/32 172.16.35.3 3 0 2 2 2 2 ?
Total number of prefixes 2
Router#
Router#sho ip bgp neighbors 172.16.46.4 received-routes
BGP table version is 29, local router ID is 6.6.6.6
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 10.10.10.10/32 172.16.46.4 11 0 2 2 2 2 ?
*> 20.20.20.20/32 172.16.46.4 11 0 2 ?
Total number of prefixes 2
Router#
but i want all the routes to to advertised trhough WAN router R3 and only 20.20.20.20 network through R4 then i am applying the below please is it correct
R3:
ip prefix-list R1 seq 4 permit 10.10.10.10/32
ip prefix-list R1 seq 5 permit 10.1.0.0/16
ip prefix-list R2 seq 5 permit 20.20.20.20/32
route-map DEST permit 10
match ip address prefix-list R2
set as-path prepend 2 2 2
route-map DEST permit 20
match ip address prefix-list R1
R4:
Router#sho run | i pre
ip prefix-list R1 seq 4 permit 10.10.10.10/32
ip prefix-list R1 seq 5 permit 10.1.0.0/16
ip prefix-list R2 seq 5 permit 20.20.20.20/32
match ip address prefix-list R1
set as-path prepend 2 2 2
match ip address prefix-list R2
Router#
Router#sho run | s route-map
neighbor 172.16.46.6 route-map DEST out
route-map DEST permit 10
match ip address prefix-list R1
set as-path prepend 2 2 2
route-map DEST permit 20
match ip address prefix-list R2
Router#
where 10.1.0.0/16 is internal LAN subnet.
please confirm the same.
also one more question, in the above solution you have specified for /32 network, if i need to advertise the complete subet like/24 or /16 then is it possible?
please clarify
04-01-2018 02:13 PM
Hello,
just add a third permit statement to your route map on both R3 and R4:
route-map DEST permit 10
match ip address 10
set as-path prepend 2 2 2
!
route-map DEST permit 20
match ip address 20
!
route-map DEST permit 30
This results in:
R5#sh ip bgp neighbors 172.16.35.3 received-routes
BGP table version is 17, local router ID is 5.5.5.5
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, f RT-Filter,
x best-external, a additional-path, c RIB-compressed,
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
RPKI validation codes: V valid, I invalid, N Not found
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 1.1.1.1/32 172.16.35.3 2 0 2 ?
*> 2.2.2.2/32 172.16.35.3 2 0 2 ?
*> 3.3.3.3/32 172.16.35.3 0 0 2 ?
*> 4.4.4.4/32 172.16.35.3 3 0 2 ?
*> 10.1.12.0/24 172.16.35.3 2 0 2 ?
*> 10.1.13.0/24 172.16.35.3 0 0 2 ?
*> 10.1.14.0/24 172.16.35.3 2 0 2 ?
*> 10.1.23.0/24 172.16.35.3 0 0 2 ?
*> 10.1.24.0/24 172.16.35.3 2 0 2 ?
*> 10.10.10.10/32 172.16.35.3 2 0 2 2 2 2 ?
*> 20.20.20.20/32 172.16.35.3 2 0 2 ?
Total number of prefixes 11
R5#
04-01-2018 02:41 PM
04-01-2018 02:48 PM
Hello,
with the current route map you only influence 10.10.10.10/32 and 20.20.20.20/32. You need to define in the route map which traffic you want to go where (e.g. by applying the as-prepend).
04-01-2018 02:51 PM
04-01-2018 02:52 PM
04-02-2018 12:50 AM
Hello,
do you have iBGP configured between R5, R6, and R7 ? These three routers need to be in the same BGP AS (1) and exchange routing tables...
04-02-2018 12:54 AM
Dear Gorge,
yes we can run ibgp but, already we have done bgp/ ospf redistribution in R5 and R6 so by default R7 should have the routes as received by ospf.
04-02-2018 01:26 AM
Hello,
I am running iBGP, let me do some more testing to see if I get it to work with redistribution...
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