I would expect none to minute impact to TCAM, route table, QoS (etc.)
That's not to say changing interface queue sizes may not have any other impact. For example, you may consume more RAM. Larger egress queues may increase latency and/or impact drop rates and/or goodput.
BTW, Cisco's "common" egress single FIFO queue length of 40 packets, seems to be about ideal for 10 Mbps LANs and/or T-1 (non-international) WANs using 1500 byte sized packets.
Also BTW, you rarely need to adjust an interface's ingress queue length. However, there are some "corner cases" where it can be important to adjust it.