Hello @ankitohc,
When you open google.com in your web browser, several steps are involved in the process of establishing a connection and fetching the website content.
Your browser starts by resolving the domain name "google.com" to an IP address using the DNS. The DNS server translates the domain name into an IP address, such as 216.58.209.46 for Google.
Once the IP address is obtained, your browser initiates a TCP connection with the server at that IP address. TCP ensures reliable data transmission between the source (your browser) and the destination (Google's server).
--The TCP connection is established using a three-way handshake. The handshake involves a series of messages exchanged between your browser and the server to synchronize sequence numbers and establish a reliable connection.
Once the TCP connection is established, your browser sends an HTTP GET request to the Google server, specifying the path for the homepage ("/") and any additional headers required.
The request packet travels from your computer through various networking devices, such as routers and switches, to reach the destination server.
--Switches operate at the data link layer (L2) of the networking model. When the packet leaves your computer, it first reaches the switch connected to your local network. The switch examines the destination MAC address of the packet and forwards it to the appropriate port to reach the next hop.
--Routers operate at the network layer (L3) and are responsible for directing packets between different networks. The packet will pass through several routers along the path to the destination, and each router determines the next hop based on the destination IP address.
The paket travels through multiple routers and network links across the internet, following the best available path based on routing protocols and network conditions. It may traverse various ISP and their networks.
After the packet reaches the network where Google's server resides, it continues to be forwarded based on the IP routing until it reaches the server's IP address.
Once the packet reaches Google's server, it is processed by their web server software. The server generates an appropriate response based on the requested resource (in this case, the Google homepage).
The server sends an HTTP response back to your browser, containing the requested webpage content.
Your browser receives the response, which includes HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and other assets. It renders the webpage, executing any scripts and displaying the content to you.
Best regards
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