Hello Ericka,
you are right about a router's main job, which is to forward traffic. Without any routing protocols or static routes configured, it can only forward packets to directly connected networks. Static routes and dynamic routing protocols are used to forward traffic to other destinations.
The link below provides a nice explanation:
How Does A Router Work?
https://www.think-like-a-computer.com/2011/07/18/how-routing-works/