Oliver
You are correct that a vlan interface (since it is a virtual interface and not physical) can not have any real speed limit.
Your post suggests that perhaps you do not correctly understand the bandwidth parameter of an interface, since even on a physical interface configuring the bandwidth statement does not establish a speed limit. The bandwidth command is more of a description of the speed and does not control the speed of the interface.
The bandwidth parameter of an interface is used by some routing protocols like OSPF or EIGRP to calculate routing metrics, is used to calculate interface utilization by some network monitoring software (which is your case in this post). But it does not control the physical speed of the interface.
HTH
Rick
HTH
Rick