As Edison says, they do roughly the same thing. But there is one fundamental, if theoretical difference. Whereas "vlan allow" modifies the Spanning-Tree topology, VTP pruning does not.
That sounds confusing and counter-intuitive, doesn't it? Think of it as the VTP pruning being overlayed on the Spanning Tree topology defined by the "vlan allowed".
OK, imagine a multi-VLAN topology. If you are running PVST+ or rapid-pvst, then each VLAN will have its own topology. That topology will be determined by the access links and trunks where that VLAN is allowed. Take a pencil diagram of your switched LAN, and erase those links where the VLAN is not allowed. Then run Spanning Tree from the root. That is the topology for this particular VLAN.
Now add VTP pruning into the mix. What this does is for each switch to ask to ask of its downstream neighbor "Do you have any clients downstream (i.e. away from the root) on this trunk." If not, then I shall not send you any broadcasts on this VLAN on this trunk, even if the port is in forwarding.
Suppose you have an access switch that is uplinked to two distribution switches. On that VLAN, the access switch will have put one of its uplinks in STP forwarding and one in blocking. At the other end of these links, the distribution switches will both be in forwarding on this VLAN. You can see why the main link would be in forwarding, but why should the distribution switch forward on the backup link. That is where VTP pruning comes in: the distribution switch port is still in forwarding, but pruned.
(You might think it doesn't matter that the distribution switch forwards broadcasts, only to blocked at the access switch. But don't forget that this link may be the active link for other VLANs.)
Let us take this one step further. So far, we have two distribution switches, one forwarding and the other forwarding-but-pruned. Now suppose the access switch does not have any other active ports on the VLAN. What is the point of either distribution switch forwarding to that access switch? None at all. Enter VTP pruning once more. In this case, both distribution switches are forwarding-but-pruned.
So this leads us to another interesting difference between STP and VTP pruning. STP will block ports at the downstream end, (away from the root). VTP will prune ports at the upstream end (closer to the root). "vlan allowed" will remove the link for the topology altogether as far as that VLAN is concerned.
So, if that all makes sense, the conclusion is that these three techniques (vlan allowed, STP, and VTP pruning) are actually complementary.
Kevin Dorrell
Luxembourg
