12-21-2012 01:09 PM - edited 03-07-2019 10:44 AM
Hello everyone, I am new to networking and was wondering if someone could explain to me how switch/router handles multiple subnets.
Lets say i have 3 subnets/ip ranges mentioned below
10.0.0.1 to 10.15.255.254 |
10.16.0.1 to 10.31.255.254 |
10.32.0.1 to 10.47.255.254 |
i want them to be able to talk to each other and also have access to the internet. lets say i have one router. outside interface will have a public ip. on the internal interface, i'd have one ip as well. so how can 3 of my subnets which will have 3 different gateway address communicate to the same router?
thanks in advance.
12-21-2012 01:23 PM
Hi,
if you want them to talk to each other, you must route between them. Now what you would have is each subnet = 1 VLAN
and you must use either Router on A Stick( using a router with subinterfaces in different VLANs) or a L3 switch( with a SVI per subnet).If you use the second way then you can either have a routed port for connecting to external router(usually a /30) or you can have a dedicated vlan with a /30 SVI and put an access port going to the external router.
Now you'll have to put a static default pointing to IP of external router.On the router you'll need a route for each subnet(VLAN) pointing to the L3 switch.
If you need config example, I'll post one.
Regards.
Alain
Don't forget to rate helpful posts.
12-22-2012 08:13 AM
thank you alain for the reply. i am totally new so i am not familiar with the methods you mentioned. i will try looking it up but if you could post the config as well that would be great. it will help me understand better.
thanks again
12-22-2012 10:47 AM
Hi,
ok let's suppose this:
10.0.0.0/20 is in VLAN 10
10.16.0.0/20 is in VLAN 20
10.32.0.0/20 is in VLAN 30
we have :
-PC in VLAN 10 connected to f0/1 of switch SW1
its IP config is
IP address 10.0.0.1
default gateway 10.0.0.254
-PC in VLAN 20 connected to f0/2 of switch SW1
its IP config is
IP address 10.16.0.1
default gateway 10.16.0.254
-PC in VLAN 30 connected to f0/3 of switch SW1
its IP config is
IP address 10.32.0.1
default gateway 10.32.0.254
the switch is a L3 switch and it is connected to a border router through f0/4
Here is the config of the switch:
enable
config t
ip routing
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.2
vlan 10,20,30
int f0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 10
int f0/2
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 20
int f0/3
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 30
int f0/4
no switchport
ip address 1172.16.1.1 255.255.255.252
int vlan 10
ip address 10.0.0.254 255.240.0.0
int vlan 20
ip address 10.16.0.254 255.240.0.0
int vlan 30
ip address 10.32.0.254 255.240.0.0
On the router:
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 x.x.x.x
int f0/0
ip address 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.252
no shutdown
Now let's suppose the switch is L2 then you can use RoAS:
on the switch:
enable
config t
vlan 10,20,30
int f0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 10
int f0/2
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 20
int f0/3
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 30
int f0/4
switchport mode trunk
switchport allowed vlan 10,20,30
on the router:
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 x.x.x.x
int f0/0
no ip address
no shutdown
int f0/0.10
encapsulation dot1q 10
ip address 10.0.0.254 255.240.0.0
int f0/0.20
encapsulation dot1q 20
ip address 10.16.0.254 255.240.0.0
int f0/0.30
encapsulation dot1q 30
ip address 10.32.0.254 255.240.0.0
Regards.
Alain
Don't forget to rate helpful posts.
12-22-2012 11:28 AM
thank you so much. i will give it a try when i get a chance.
12-22-2012 01:05 PM
Are this IPs configured on routers Fa/ interfaces or S0/ interfaces because if they are configured on Fa interfaces then the switch connecting to the Fa interface of the router will be able to foward any information going to any computer having any of the IPs you have listed. in as much they belong to thesame IP network.
Subnet is only to create allocation of IPs to specified groups or department.
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