My understanding is the BPDU is given a value for "remaining hops" from the configured max-hops by its originating switch.
The next switch decrements the value and discards it if it has reached zero.
The default value of 7 should cover even a very poorly-designed or unusual network, it it is probably inadvisable to be considering a design for a Layer-2 network with a depth any greater than 3 or 4.