Instead of manually configuring TFTP and SRST on the phone, configure everything in CUCM, and then give your Voice DHCP option 150 and point it towards your CUCM with TFTP running. When the phone gets an IP address, it will get the option 150 with it, and it will reach out to CUCM for all of it's configurations, including CUCM and SRST.
I'm thinking it's possible that your phone can't get to CUCM for some reason. Perhaps a firewall is blocking port 6970 between the phone and CUCM, which is your TCP TFTP port. If this changed recently, it wouldn't affect your current phones functionally because they're already registered, but it would prevent new phones from downloading a configuration.
Look into that, and then post the phone logs if you can't figure it out after that.